The troposphere starts at Earth's surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km (4 to 12 miles, or 23,000 to 65,000 feet) above sea level. This layer separates the rest of the atmosphere from outer space. 2005;Lin et al. Ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms (O 3 ). Stratosphere. The lower boundary of the stratosphere can be as high as 20 km (12 miles or 65,000 feet) near the equator and as low as 7 km (4 miles or 23,000 feet)…© 2023 - 2024 FreeWheel Advertisers, Inc. stratosphere, where isentropic surfaces cross the tropopause, the pink region is the free troposphere, and. Pauses included, the atmosphere is a total of 9 layers thick!The summer stratosphere (polar temperature and 60°N zonal wind) keeps a memory of its state in April–May after the SFW until at least July. How wildfires deplete ozone in the stratosphere. , 2011a; Priyadarshi et al. Earth's atmosphere is composed of five distinct layers, with the stratosphere being the second lowermost layer, lying in between troposphere and mesosphere layers. Atmospheric processes of tropospheric origin can perturb the stratosphere, but direct feedback in the opposite direction is usually assumed to be negligible, despite the troposphere's sensitivity. The troposphere is the atmosphere's lowest level. But it is now clear that what happens in the stratosphere, does not stay in the stratosphere. In this layer, the temperature normally rises as you go further up, and it has something to do with the ozone layer inside the stratosphere. "The measurements of CFC-11 in the stratosphere were first described in 1975 by two research groups in Boulder, Colorado, and have been similarly observed innumerable times since. 7). Stratosphere Lesson for Kids: Definition & Facts. Weak wave events show a wave structure of westward tilt with increasing altitudes, while strong wave events feature a shift from westward tilt to eastward tilt during their life cycle. The stratosphere can affect the troposphere and surface through various chemical, radiative, and dynamical processes. ETH climate researcher Daniela Domeisen has documented how the stratosphere influences extreme weather events. Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) is a part of the general circulation of the atmosphere that transports air and atmospheric constituents across the tropopause. Several other web pages ( see links) discuss the processes of ozone depletion. 000157 * h) The upper stratosphere model is used for altitudes above 25,000 meters. 5 mi; 39,000 ft) above Earth's surface to the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 164,000 to 180,000 ft). Yelp is a fun and easy way to find, recommend and talk about what’s great and not so. Then, the stratosphere is directly above it. In a paper, published by Nature Communications, they. The exosphere is the outermost layer of our atmosphere. g. The stratosphere is a layer of extremely stratified air that rises 40 kilometres above the tropopause and comprises about 20% of the atmosphere’s mass. The Troposphere. In addition, SPARC has an identifiable role to play in better understanding the emissions of the gases controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Thermosphere . Take a ride to the top of the Tower, at 1,149-foot tall, it is the tallest freestanding observation tower in. 1) The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Above the tropopause and the isothermal layer in the lower stratosphere, temperature increases with height. Stratosphere. The mesosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. Broad arrows show transport by the. Esta capa de nuestra atmósfera tiene su propio conjunto de capas. Much of the chemistry for stratospheric ozone depletion, for example, is induced by anthropogenic. Head to The STRAT Hotel, Casino & Tower for the best Las Vegas attractions. A new dynamical metric of troposphere-stratosphere coupling is established based on extreme stratospheric planetary-scale wave heat flux events, defined as the 10th and 90th percentiles of the daily high-latitude averaged heat flux distribution at 50 hPa using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA)-Interim. The transforming Optimus Prime mini-figure fits into the cargo hold in the aft section of the plane. The First Sunlight of Planet Earth "Aerial view of Planet Earth with clouds, horizon and little bit of space, make feelings of being in heaven. The layer made of layers. Existing numerical weather prediction models still struggle to provide useful weather information at a lead time beyond two weeks. The Stratosphere Tower in Las Vegas is a unique and impressive attraction that offers breathtaking views and thrilling experiences. Figure Q2-1. Stratospheric ozone intrusion plays an important role in affecting the tropospheric ozone concentrations in the troposphere through stratosphere to troposphere transport (STT). It lies above the troposphere and is separated from it by the tropopause . a. It is considered to be the key to study atmospheric temperature vertical profiles, ozone and. Huaman, M. In the following decades our knowledge grew gradually as more observations of the stratosphere were made. Since ozone absorbs UV radiation, having less ozone in the stratosphere means more UV radiation will reach the troposphere. We constructed 10-hPa northern annular mode (NAM) phase composites to show the typical spatiotemporal evolution of circulation anomalies during the NAM’s life cycle. The stratosphere extends from about 20km to 60km above the Earth’s surface. This layer provides some advantages for flight because it is above stormy weather and has steady, strong,. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. In 1913 the ozone layer, which protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation, was discovered. 0 scenario. The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere (above the troposphere and stratosphere. The Structure of the Stratosphere . Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange: A Review 1. The troposphere is wider at the equator (10mi) than at the poles (5mi). JetStream - An Online School for Weather Welcome to JetStream, the National Weather Service Online Weather School. The stratosphere is located above the troposphere, i. The stratosphere is the second atmospheric layer from the ground level. She explains what this. Haynes 2 and Michael E. Increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere have resulted in the warming of the troposphere and cooling of the stratosphere which is caused by two mechanisms. Exosphere. At this elevation, ozone protects life on Earth from the sun’s. This layer separates the rest of the atmosphere from outer space. Climate Prediction Center. Abstract. Mesosphere. ) 2. 3. Sobre la troposfera y debajo de la mesosfera, esta la estratosfera. The stratosphere (/ ˈ s t r æ t ə ˌ s f ɪər,-t oʊ-/) is the second layer of the atmosphere of Earth, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. It’s thinnest at the North and South Pole. Two previously compiled climatologies based upon the 15-yr. The boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere above. , 2003; Baldwin & Dunkerton, 2001; Charlton et al. Temperatures climb sharply in the lower thermosphere (below 200 to 300 km altitude), then level off and hold fairly steady. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer (O3). The stratosphere layer is called the ozonic atmospheric envelope because it contains most of the ozone gas (O 3) which is found in the atmospheric envelope. The atmosphere is divided into five different layers, based on temperature. (the stratosphere) and lower atmosphere (the troposphere). The uniform. It helps make life possible by providing us with air to breathe, shielding us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the Sun, trapping heat to warm the planet, and preventing extreme temperature differences. In addition, because the stratosphere is very dry, there are fewer clouds in this layer, making for a much smoother ride overall. 46 p = 22. But most ozone is found in the higher latitudes rather than in the tropics, i. It extends above the tropopause to an altitude of about 30 miles (50 km) above the planet's surface. (v) the troposphere at 8–15 km. This pushes up the. It is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which is a region of the stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone molecules. Home Stratosphere Award Winning Interior Design and Home Decor Website. The troposphere is one of five layers of the atmosphere surrounding the earth. The troposphere, the lowest layer, is right below the stratosphere. None of these answers is correct. A two-step reactive mechanism produces ozone in. stratosphere. a second layer of Earth. The stratosphere is a region of the Earth’s atmosphere, above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. A review of the papers dealing with various aspects of stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) is presented. Only a small amount of ozone accumulates in the troposphere because other UV photons break down ozone molecules, turning them back into oxygen. These layers protect our planet by absorbing harmful radiation. 2. To request information or start a new project, contact Stratosphere Quality 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The air is still thin, so you wouldn’t be able to breathe up. e. This layer of our atmosphere has its own set of layers. The thermosphere absorbs solar radiation and helps to regulate the Earth's temperature. In contrast, global-mean stratospheric temperature changes caused by natural. We’ve reimagined your experience with us from top to bottom, offering all you could ask for from renovated hotel rooms, all-new dining options, award. In the table below are zonal mean time series of Temperature, Zonal Wind Component, Normalized Geopotential Height anomalies, amplitude of the height field's Wave 1, Wave 2, and Wave 3. An independent and platform-agnostic architecture, the solution delivers comprehensive visibility across platforms, including VMware Horizon, Citrix Virtual Desktops and Apps, Microsoft Azure Desktops or physical desktops. Issue work orders, track quote requests and communicate with owners – all of which are. The exosphere ( Ancient Greek: ἔξω éxō "outside, external, beyond. Abstract The stratosphere contains ~17% of Earth’s atmospheric mass, but its existence was unknown until 1902. Subsequently, the characteristics of mass. Structure and Composition of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere. At 1,149 feet tall, it's the tallest freestanding observation tower in the. (n. The troposphere and stratosphere are layers of Earth's atmosphere with distinct characteristics. is a Canada Non-Distributing Corporation With 50 Or Fewer Shareholders filed on September 1, 2006. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere that surrounds the Earth. Photolysis of O 3 is the primary source of the hydroxyl radical (OḢ) in the troposphere. 73 - . The stratosphere. The stratosphere can have a significant impact on winter surface weather on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales. Holton • Peter H. Stratosphere-troposphere coupling. The troposphere is the lowest layer where weather occurs, and it contains most of the Earth's air mass. Introduction. Abstract The nature of downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere in both hemispheres is analyzed using the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) dataset. Small but mighty Atmospheric particles, also called aerosols, are microscopic bits of liquid or solid. Unexpected smoke-particle chemistry is shown to be the link between intense wildfires and stratospheric ozone loss. The layers are to scale. The tropopause is the atmospheric boundary that demarcates the troposphere from the stratosphere, which are the lowest two of the five layers of the atmosphere of Earth. 2 m) observation tower, the tallest in the United States. In this study, the authors focus on the cut-off low pressure systems (COLs) lingering over East Asia in late spring and early summer and quantify the two-way stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) by 3D trajectory integrations, achieved using a revised version of the UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme Offline. 2. The English units curve fits for the lower stratosphere are: T = -70 p = 473. g. This ozone absorbs some of the incoming solar radiation, shielding life on Earth from potentially harmful ultraviolet (UV) light, and is responsible for. The ozone layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of Earth’s atmosphere. This was first realized by Alan Brewer in his pioneering analysis of balloon measurements in the 1940s, where he reported that the atmospheric water content is. Evolution of the coupling in future. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 31 miles (50 km) above the Earth's surface. To succeed. The ozone layer lies approximately 15-40 kilometers (10-25 miles) above the Earth's surface, in the stratosphere. 5 mi; 39,000 ft) above Earth's surface to the stratopause at an altitude of about 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 164,000 to 180,000 ft). The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. Troposphere, lowest region of the atmosphere, bounded by the Earth beneath and the stratosphere above, with its upper boundary being the tropopause, about 10–18 km (6–11 miles) above the Earth’s surface. The stratopause is the term for the stratosphere's highest point. From the Earth's surface to the top of the stratosphere (50km) is just under 1% of Earth's radius. The atmosphere is divided into five layers. The exosphere is the very edge of our atmosphere. This layer rises from 11 to 50 km above the Earth’s surface. 1. Address. Diagram showing the five primary layers of the Earth's atmosphere: exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere. Above the top of the troposphere and further up into the sky, the layer known as the stratosphere is placed. Thus it means layer which surrounds the earth. Yet, the stratosphere (at altitudes of 10 to 50 km). – There are no clouds in the layer, and though. See moreWhat is the stratosphere? The stratosphere is a layer of Earth’s atmosphere. However, in the winter at and near the poles, frigid temperatures in the lower and middle stratosphere can produce the beautiful upper-atmosphere clouds known as polar stratospheric clouds. It’s thinnest at the North and South Pole. The stratosphere is also of particular interest to scientists because of its role in influencing climate. In fact, the troposphere contains three-quarters of the mass of the entire atmosphere. The results show a robust cooling of the stratosphere of about 1–3 K, and a robust warming of the troposphere of about 0. Because stratospheric processes have longer memory. The stratosphere is a major stable layer whose base is marked by the tropopause, and where temperatures overall average approximately −60 °C. 2. Chemicals released into the air from human activity, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide, interact with the atmosphere to make acid rain. At this elevation, ozone protects life on Earth from the sun’s. It also contains most of the atmosphere’s ozone, triplet molecules made from three oxygen atoms. It extends from about 90 km (56 miles) to between 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles) above Earth's surface. The definition of the stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere, extending from about 6 miles to 30 miles, or 10km to 50km, above the Earth's surface. It is simply the perfect layer to fly in for a number of reasons. When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano erupted on Jan. 33^circ hbox {E})), a coastal region located in the southwest Peninsular India, with overshooting tops as high as 16 km. Simple, clear and accessible. Almost all weather occurs within this layer. Wrapped in shades of blues and grays with high ceilings and comfortable seating. Abstract. The troposphere is where clouds form and weather takes place, but conditions in the stratosphere can influence the weather below. NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction. © 2023 - 2024 FreeWheel Advertisers, Inc. Abstract. The stratosphere has less turbulence as a result. Stratosphere-troposphere coupling has been considered a significant predictability source of surface climate, primarily in winter when polar stratospheric winds are strongly westerly (Baldwin & Dunkerton, 2001; Scaife et al. The mesosphere is directly above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. Based on the diagnosis of reanalysis data, this study finds that the location shift rather than the strength change dominates the intraseasonal variability of SPV. BUY TICKETS. But tall cumulonimbus can tower through the tropopause into the stratosphere. Ozone is a key constituent of the stratosphere and is important not only for stratospheric chemistry, but also for transport and dynamics. The stratosphere is very dry, so clouds rarely form here. The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) is a major pattern of variability of the zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere (Baldwin et al. In two hours, a weather balloon can rise above the clouds, higher than the paths of jet planes, passing through the ozone layer in the stratosphere. This layer extends from the top of the troposphere at roughly 12 km (7. The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, for instance, spewed thousands of tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere, causing global temperatures to drop temporarily by about 1 degree Fahrenheit. e. Development, implementation, and validation of operational algorithms for forward modeling of atmospheric radiances. The Earth’s atmosphere has four primary layers: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. However, the troposphere is especially significant, as highlighted below: The different layers of the atmosphere. The transition between the mesosphere and the. Tropopause [2] The troposphere and the stratosphere have fundamentally different characteristics (e. The 4 Layers of the Atmosphere. Page Author: Climate Prediction Center Internet Team. If you were to hang out in the thermosphere, though, you would be very cold because there aren’t enough gas molecules to transfer the heat to you. It starts at the tropopause at an average of 10 km above Earth’s surface and goes up to about 50 km above the surface. ) 2. 0% of the radius of the Earth. The clean, bright, modern design. The top of the stratosphere occurs at 50 km (31 miles) altitude. Extreme events high up in the winter stratosphere are known to influence our weather and their predictability has potential to improve seasonal weather forecasts. The STRATosphere is best known for offering the finest selection of genuine Fender guitar parts in the world. Diane has taught all subjects at the elementary level, was the principal of a K-8 private school and has a master's degree in Measurement and. MERRA-2 O 3 in the lower stratosphere is well represented and has been shown to agree with ozonesondes (Wargan et al. the brown region is the atmospheric boundary layer. The bond angle and bond length between the oxygen atoms is 116. In the upper ionosphere, ultraviolet radiation from. This has happened gradually with the destruction of ozone and the resulting ozone hole. Rooms & Suites. The STRAT Hotel, Casino & Tower. Temperature decreases with height throughout the mesosphere. 3 years. The stratosphere is located below the mesosphere and above the troposphere. 59 likes. These were the conditions present on January 10, 2009, as shown in the top left image. That’s the opposite of how the. This also means. In the first step, ultraviolet sunlight breaks apart an oxygen molecule to form two separate oxygen. Strong horizontal winds blow in the stratosphere, but there is little turbulence. The lower stratosphere runs from 36,152 feet to 82,345 feet. In the stratosphere, ozone molecules play an important role - absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and shielding Earth from dangerous rays. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) across the tropopause is an important bidirectional process affecting the distribution of material in the UTLS (Holton 1990;Holton et al. The stratosphere is usually cloud-free on account of its extremely dry, warm air. The stratosphere is an atmospheric layer composed of stratified temperature layers, with the warm layers of air high in the sky and the cool layers of air in the low sky, close to the. , 2015, 2017); therefore, where there is direct influence of stratospheric O 3 into the troposphere, such as an SI, we can expect realistic intrusions although possibly biased since the background ozone in the. It is June 2022, and a. The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. Finding myself on Stratosphere. Tropopause separates Troposphere and Stratosphere. What surprised her was the sheer range of potential impacts. uk) Introduction It is widely accepted that the troposphere has a strong dynamical effect on the stratosphere, primarily through the upward propagation of waves, both low-frequency large-scale Rossby waves. It includes a 1,149 ft (350. Design Your Own House Plan (Software) | See ALL Floor and House Plans | 25 Popular House Plans. In the first step, ultraviolet sunlight breaks apart an oxygen molecule to form two separate oxygen atoms. a layer in the upper atmosphere of a planet where the temperature increases with height: 2. Esta capa de nuestra atmósfera tiene su propio conjunto de capas. Temperature inversion is usually. 1 Introduction 209 5. First, the ozone in the stratosphere, which protects us from biologically destructive solar ultraviolet light, exists at such high levels that the air itself is toxic. It starts at the tropopause at an average of 10 km above Earth’s surface and goes up to about 50 km above the surface. A few years before Benj Pasek and Justin Paul hit the Broadway stratosphere with “Dear Evan Hansen,” the songwriters premiered their “A Christmas Story: The. Studies in recent years have found convincing evidence that the monsoon has significant impact on stratosphere troposphere exchange (STE) [e. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, 0. Ozone protects life on Earth from the Sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, which helps absorb dangerous ultraviolet rays. Most types of clouds are found in the troposphere, and almost all weather occurs within this layer. 2 degrees Celsius in the middle and upper stratosphere globally. , 2012]. If we start from the top of the troposphere and go further into the sky, we reach the layer known as the stratosphere. 2 m) observation tower, the tallest in the United States. troposphere—stratosphere—mesosphere—thermosphere c. SPARC is renowned for its role in assessing the value of long-term climate data records. 1 * exp(1. Dynamics of the Troposphere and Stratosphere. Ozone in the stratosphere is vital to life on Earth. This is a revised version of Stratospheric Cooling and Tropospheric Warming posted on December 1, 2010. Average surface temperatures are decreasing in some areas on Earth. T o F, The ozone layer helps to sustain terrestrial life by __________. 1. “Exo” means outside and is the same prefix used to describe insects like grasshoppers that have a hard shell or “exoskeleton” on the outside of their body. Role of the stratosphere STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE James R. The stratosphere extends from the tropopause, the upper boundary of the troposphere, to about 50 kilometers (32 miles) above Earth’s surface. 2015); the stratospheric concentrations of radiatively active gases such as ozone and water. Weather occurs in this layer. In the stratosphere – ‘strato’ means layer and sphere is the shape of the earth. Above this layer is the stratosphere. The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the Earth's surface, from 56 miles (90 km) up to between 311 and 621 miles (500–1,000 km). A seating area and work desk are also available. As a result, the largest ozone produc-tion occurs in the tropical stratosphere. stratosphere: 1 n the atmospheric layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere Type of: layer a relatively thin sheetlike expanse or region lying over or under anotherStratosphere Troposphere Interactions: An Introduction. The stratosphere is one of five layers of the earth's atmosphere. Hotel Overview. Its fate strongly depends on meteorological conditions and therefore subject to climate change influences. An interesting layer called the ionosphere overlaps the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. Changes to global climate and harmful effects to plant life are also concerns. -. com - Guitar Parts, Bodies, Necks, Pickups, Fender. The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. Shop 24/7 to build a better guitar! About the Author. e. maintaining the Earth's temperature structure d. The new research shows that from 1986 to 2022, the human-produced greenhouse gases that caused warming of the Earth’s surface and the troposphere also led to a mean cooling of about 1. The air pressure in the stratosphere is accordingly lower: on average, the pressure in the stratosphere is only about 10% or less of the pressure at sea level. Depletion of ozone in the stratosphere causes health and environmental risks indirectly. Refreshed, redefined but always iconic. This study investigates changes in STE of ozone concentrations for 1960–2099 using multiple climate model simulations from the Chemistry Climate Model Initiative under the RCP6. The stratosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere. 9% D. 99 for. STRATOSPHERE . The stratosphere extends from the tropopause, the upper boundary of the troposphere, to about 50 kilometers (32 miles) above Earth’s surface. The troposphere is between 5 and 9 miles (8 and 14 kilometers) thick depending on where you are on Earth. It is the second layer of the atmosphere as you go upward. The two layers are quite separate. Credit: NASA. Although variations in altitude exist,. The stratosphere's ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation which is harmful to living organisms. The mesosphere is the third layer of the atmosphere (above the troposphere and stratosphere. The incipient stage of a VI event is marked by anomalously low wave activity and descending westerly anomalies over the depth of the polar stratosphere. Focusing on a typical event on 9–12 May 2015, when STT occurs over the. 1. The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. Abstract. ISO 13485:2016 View Certificate. MESOSPHERE | Polar Summer Mesopause. STE is separated into three. Friday-Sunday I 12pm-10pm. This layer is almost free from clouds and is associated with weather phenomena making conditions most. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere (above the troposphere. In the second step, each atom then undergoes a bindingThe mesosphere stratosphere ionosphere is located 12 to 50 kilometers from Earth's surface. Design Your Own House Plan (Software) | See ALL Floor and House Plans | 25 Popular House Plans. NOTE: The images for AMJ,. The troposphere contains about 75% of the gases in the atmosphere, and the stratosphere, which has a larger volume, contains about 19% of atmospheric gases. Downward wave coupling occurs when planetary waves reflected in the stratosphere impact the. Sobre la troposfera y debajo de la mesosfera, esta la estratosfera. Earth's second atmosphere (atmosphere II) was a thick atmosphere of. The thermosphere is a layer of Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the mesosphere and below the exosphere. The troposphere is where clouds form and weather takes place, but conditions in the stratosphere can influence the weather below. Introduction. This layer is where the ozone layer exists and scientists send weather balloons. This study evaluates the ability of current operational S2S prediction systems to capture two important links between the stratosphere and troposphere: (1) changes in probabilistic prediction skill in the. (2) Stratosphere- This layer extends from the height of about 10 to 50 km above the ground surface. Planes and jets will sometimes. In the past, the exchange of air and trace substances between stratosphere and troposphere has been investigated intensively (see Holton et al. 5° S, 28. Stratosphere Digital, Victoria, British Columbia. Moreover, these links between the stratosphere and troposphere are attributed to the vertical structure of wave coupling. [1] Stratosphere-troposphere evolution associated with polar vortex intensification (VI) events is examined during the Northern Hemisphere winter. The stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere at heights between 10-50 km, is an important source of variability for the weather and climate at the Earth’s surface on timescales of weeks to decades. In this study, meteorological reanalysis data, O 3 observations, and. 9 percent argon, and 0. Stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) is a part of the general circulation of the atmosphere that transports air and atmospheric constituents across the tropopause. The troposphere is bounded by the tropopause. In the lower atmosphere (the troposphere) near the Earth’s surface, ozone is created by chemical reactions between air. Microsoft Edge ADM Templates. The stratosphere is above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.